Fathers of Forensic Science: Pioneers Across Various Domains

Domain	Pioneer	Key Contribution	Significance
Forensic Toxicology	Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila	Developed analytical techniques for detecting poisons	Established toxicology as a key tool in poisoning cases
Forensic Anthropology	Thomas Dwight	Pioneered skeletal analysis for identification	Enabled identification of decomposed remains
Forensic Ballistics	Calvin H. Goddard	Developed comparison microscope for ballistic analysis	Improved accuracy in linking firearms to crimes
Forensic Serology	Arthur Mourant	Advanced blood group and serological analysis	Enhanced use of blood evidence in investigations
Forensic Entomology	Bernard Greenberg	Established insect analysis for time of death estimation	Provided accurate postmortem interval estimates
Forensic Odontology	Oscar Amoedo	Pioneered dental record identification	Facilitated victim identification in mass disasters
Forensic Document Examination	Albert S. Osborn	Developed scientific methods্র methods for document analysis	Standardized detection of forgeries
Forensic Fingerprinting	Sir Francis Galton	Established fingerprint uniqueness and classification	Made fingerprinting a cornerstone of identification
Criminalistics	Hans Gross	Integrated scientific methods into police work	Formalized criminalistics and trace evidence analysis
DNA Fingerprinting	Alec Jeffreys	Developed DNA profiling techniques	Revolutionized forensic identification
Forensic Pathology	Rudolf Virchow	Developed systematic autopsy techniques	Established forensic pathology for determining cause of death
Forensic Psychiatry	Isaac Ray	Pioneered the study of mental health in criminal behavior	Shaped forensic psychiatry for assessing criminal responsibility
Forensic Chemistry	James Marsh	Developed the Marsh test for detecting arsenic	Advanced chemical analysis for poison detection
Forensic Photography	Alphonse Bertillon	Introduced standardized crime scene photography	Enhanced documentation of crime scenes
Forensic Dactyloscopy	Edward Henry	Developed the Henry Classification System for fingerprints	Streamlined fingerprint identification systems
Trace Evidence Analysis	Edmond Locard	Formulated the exchange principle for trace evidence	Established the basis for trace evidence analysis
Forensic Engineering	John Smeaton	Pioneered structural failure analysis	Laid groundwork for forensic engineering in accident investigations
Forensic Accounting	Frank Wilson	Developed techniques for financial crime investigation	Enabled tracking of illicit funds in criminal cases